Alcohol has been one of the most known and accepted substance.
Even if it is a legal "drug" alcohol is a dangerous
substance.
Alcohol is one of the oldest drug that man know.
Alcoholism is a chronic and commonly progressive disease
involving the excessive ingestion of ethyl alcohol, whether
in the form of familiar alcoholic drinks or as a constituent
of other substances.
Alcoholism is thought to arise from a combination of a wide
range of physiological, psychological, social, and genetic
factors. It is characterized by an emotional and often physical
addiction on alcohol, and it frequently leads to brain malfunction
or early death. Some 10 percent of the adult alcohol drinkers
in the United States are considered dependent on alcohol or
at least they experience alcohol drinking dependency to certain
degrees.
There are more men than women that are affected, but alcohol
drinking amongst the young and women is increasing at an alarming
rate. Consumption of alcohol is apparently on the rise in
the United States and also countries of the former Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics, and many European nations. This
is paralleled by growing evidence of increasing numbers of
alcohol-related problems in other countries , including the
Third World. Development Alcoholism, as opposed to merely
excessive or irresponsible alcohol drinking, has been variously
thought of as a symptom of psychological or social stress
or as a learned, maladaptive coping behavior. More recently,
and probably more accurately, it has come to be viewed as
a complex disease entity in its own right.
What is a standard drink?
Each of these drinks contains the same quantity of alcohol
(a “standard drink” or 13.6 grams of alcohol):
- A 1.5 oz/43 mL shot of liquor (occasionally known as spirits;
e.g., rye, rum, whisky, vodka).
- A 3-oz/85 mL glass of fortified wine (e.g., sherry, port,
vermouth)
- A 12-oz/341 mL can or bottle of regular strength beer
- A 5 oz/142 mL glass of table wine
Alcohol is found in various quantities in different
kinds of drinks. For instance:
- regular strength beer contains five per cent alcohol (certain
beers contain more elevated or lower percentages)
- table wine contains approximately 12 per cent alcohol
- fortified wine contains 16 to 18 per cent alcohol
- the majority of liquor contains 40 per cent alcohol.
An adult can eliminate from the body (principally through
urine) about two-thirds of one standard drink per hour (10
grams of alcohol). If that individual has two standard drinks,
it will take approximately three hours for his or her body
to be free of alcohol again. If you get drunk, only time can
make you sober again.
Alcohol Tolerance and dependence
Individuals who drink alcohol heavily generally develop
a tolerance to alcohol. This signifies that they need to drink
more to feel the same effect. As a consequence, some individuals
can drink large amounts of alcohol without appearing to be
intoxicated. Nonetheless, the quantity of alcohol consumed
can still damage their health.
Individuals who frequently drink heavily may become dependent
on alcohol. Dependence might be psychological or physical,
or both. Individuals who are psychologically dependent on
alcohol believe that drinking becomes far more important than
other activities in their life. Individuals who are physically
dependent upon alcohol think that their body is used to functioning
with alcohol present.
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